I haven't got a Nissan Patrol wiring diagram but I would love to get my hands on one. I'll give you what I can think of.
In some electrical charging circuits, the alternator light is connected to the exciter circuit of the alternator (turns it on) so if the globe fails, the circuit cannot excite / turn the alternator on and thus it will not produce current for charging.
When the ignition key is turned, current flows from the battery, throught the ignition switch (dash etc) via the warning light (or the reverse) and earths out through the alternator internally.
As I said, not sure if the Patrol has the same as circuits that I have played with over the past years, but I woul be checking the globe in the dash.
The alternator requires current flow to produce a magnetic field and create energy.
Are you certain the new alternator works correctly?
Ensure the surfaces where it mounts to the engine etc are clean and that a good earth is present.
There are more checks I can think of but it's hard to type it in.
Does the alt get ignition power?
Does the alt get B+ power from battery?
What is the resistance from battery - post to alternator body?
Let us know what it is?
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